Effects of BackGround Music on Phonological Short-Term Memory

Improving recall has been the goal of many scientific studies (Higbee, 2001; Lachman, Weaver, Bandura, Elliot, Lewkowicz, 1992). As a result, a debate surfaced on the best method to achieve this goal. This study chose to focus on only two methods, emotional state and emotionally arousing words. One’s emotional state or mood is important to consider when exploring memory, because mood affects one’s recall of information (Happiness-Levine Burgess, 1997; Thaut l’Etoile, 1993). Music, depending on the type, can help induce or change one’s mood (Rickard, 2012). This is important because, music is apart of many of people’s daily lives. Students, especially, listen to music while they study a task that relies on one’s memory. Beyond just†¦show more content†¦The current study was able to rely on music to induce emotional states in participants, because of Ferguson and Sheldon’s work on confirming that positive music leads to posit ive moods. In order to use music to affect a person’s mood and thus, increase their memory, music cannot be distracting. Salamà © and Baddeley’s study (1989), found that background music distracted participants while they tried to recall different 9 digit numbers. They replicated the study using instrumental music, while distracting, was less distracting than vocal music. The current study needed to use music to induce a positive mood, but also needed that music to not distract participants from the recall task. This next study by Thaut and lEtoile (1993) figured out how best to utilize music to enhance learning without distracting one from a task. They randomly assigned participants to one of five conditions: the presence of music, either as a background stimulus during encoding or recall or both, no music during encoding or recall, or music used to induce mood prior to learning and recall. Participants in the final condition, music used during encoding and recall, r ecalled the most words. However, it is unclear if this was because the music was emotionally arousing or if because music was acting as an ambient cue for recall. Since this study was interested in music being emotionally arousing, music wasShow MoreRelatedThe Effect Of Classical Music On Short Term Memory2260 Words   |  10 Pageswas to measure the effect of classical music on short-term memory. The research hypothesis was that subjects would score significantly lower in a memory test of ten objects when listening to â€Å"The Flight of the Bumblebee† than the subjects listening to no music. In this experiment the design was repeated measures, meaning the participants took part in both the music and no-music conditions. The purpose of this was to prevent variables which may occur due to differences in memory abilities. The independentRead MoreHow Are Your Classes Going? Essay1788 Words   |  8 PagesHow are your classes going? 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